A to Z Cleaning Terms Glossary

 

 

A

Abrasion

An abrasion is any action that uses friction to rub away the film on a floor’s finish. For example, using a floor scrubber with abrasive pads to remove built-up wax. This method can sometimes be used as a cleaning measure to restore the floor's original look.

Abrasion Resistance

Something that is abrasion resistant has the power to defend against any damage, removal, or common wearing from a mechanical action. For example, abrasion-resistant floor finishes are used in high-traffic areas to maintain the appearance of the floor.

Abrasive

An abrasive additive is sometimes used in products such as polishes, pumice stones, cleaners, hand cleaners, and scouring pads. These gritty additions allow for an increase in scouring and scrubbing ability. For example, an abrasive cleaner can be used to remove tough stains from tiles.

Abrasive Pads

Abrasive Pads, or Stripping Pads, are designed to take off a variety of coats of wax on floors. For example, these pads are used with floor machines to strip old wax layers before applying new finish.

Absorbent

An absorbent is a material designed to attract and hold certain substances directly from the floor’s surface, removing them in the process. For instance, absorbent pads can be used to clean up spills on concrete floors.

Absorption

Absorption is a process that occurs when a substance soaks up another substance. Like water absorbing into a sponge, this process is similar when organic materials are absorbed by microorganisms. For example, absorbent materials are used in spill kits to clean up chemical spills.

Acid

Acid, as it pertains to cleaning, is a substance that cleaning products utilize for rust and hard water stain removal, as well as in toilet bowl cleaners. For example, hydrochloric acid is often used in toilet bowl cleaners to remove mineral deposits.

Acid Cleaner

An Acid Cleaner is a substance that contains acid for the purpose of cleaning and sanitizing. For instance, acid cleaners are used to remove rust stains from bathroom fixtures.

Acid Hardness

Acid Hardness is an aspect of the chemical reaction to Acid that can produce a harder surface when applied to terrazzo or concrete. This process reacts with the calcium carbonates and lime within the surface, which then form a substantially harder substance known as silica quartz.

Acrylic

An Acrylic substance is a specific type of polymer used in floor finishes. These polymers typically provide higher levels of abrasion resistance compared to non-finished floors. Acrylic finishes are water soluble and deliver tough and durable qualities to the applied surface.

Active Ingredients

Active ingredients are substances within a product that are intended to deliver certain results. For example, the active ingredient in a disinfectant is what kills bacteria and viruses.

Adhesion

Adhesion is the characteristic of films or soils that allows oils and soils to bond or stick to the surface. Adhesion also provides a floor finish's ability to strongly bond to a surface by chemical or physical means. For example, a good floor finish has strong adhesion to ensure it lasts longer.

Aerosol

Aerosol typically refers to a container of pressurized liquid that produces thin bursts of mist as a result. For example, aerosol sprays are commonly used for air fresheners and cleaning products.

Alcohol

Alcohol, as it pertains to cleaning, is an organic compound that can be used for a variety of reasons. Alcohol can control viscosity and is used as an ingredient in cleaning chemicals. For example, isopropyl alcohol is used in sanitizers and disinfectants for its quick-drying and germ-killing properties.

Algaecide

An Algaecide is a product that eliminates the growth of algae. For instance, algaecides are used in swimming pools and fountains to keep them clear of algae growth.

Aliphatic Solvents

Aliphatic Solvents are specific solvents sometimes called paraffin. They are also called open chain or straight chain solvents. Examples include kerosene and mineral seal oil.

Alkali

Alkali is a chemical substance that neutralizes acids when dissolved in water. Alkali substances are typically used in degreasers, wax strippers, and cleaners. They are also commonly used to help in the removal of both finish and soil. For example, sodium hydroxide is a strong alkali used in many industrial cleaners.

Alkali Soluble Polymer

An Alkali Soluble Polymer is a polymer that can create a see-through solution if dissolved within a specific base, like water and ammonia.

Alloy

An Alloy is formulated by mixing metals. For instance, stainless steel, an alloy of iron and chromium, is commonly used in cleaning equipment for its durability and resistance to corrosion.

Amine

An Amine is a type of organic chemical preferred as an additive for floor strippers. Compared to ammonia-type strippers, amine chemicals are typically more pleasant as they do not produce a strong ammonia scent and don’t irritate the user’s eyes and nose.

Ammonia

Ammonia is a specific type of alkaline gas composed of hydrogen and nitrogen. It is commonly used in cleaning products for its effectiveness in cutting through grease and grime. For example, ammonia-based cleaners are often used for glass cleaning.

Amphoteric Surfactant

An Amphoteric Surfactant is a type of surfactant that, when mixed in a water solution, can be either cationic or anionic depending on the pH level. These surfactants are often used in personal care products like shampoos and body washes.

Anhydrous

An Anhydrous solution is a type of product that has had all hydration removed from it. For example, anhydrous ethanol is used in industrial applications where water-free alcohol is required.

Anionic Detergent

An Anionic Detergent is a type of material that emits a negative charge, commonly found in soap. These detergents are effective in removing dirt and grease. For instance, laundry detergents often contain anionic surfactants for their cleaning power.

Anionic Surfactant

An Anionic Surfactant is a negatively charged molecule typically used within detergents that utilize a high sudsing variety. These surfactants are effective in breaking down oils and grease, making them ideal for dishwashing liquids.

Antifoam

Antifoam is a material added to a floor polish to control the overall amount of foam. These products are typically used in silicone emulsions to prevent excessive foaming during application. For example, antifoam agents are used in carpet cleaning solutions to reduce foam buildup.

Antioxidants

Antioxidants are additives implemented into floor finishes to prevent the film on the floor from degrading over time. These additives fight against oxidation that occurs during high-speed buffing. For instance, antioxidants help maintain the appearance and durability of floor finishes in commercial settings.

Antiredeposition Agent

Antiredeposition Agents are ingredients in detergents that help stop soil from re-depositing on fabrics and surfaces. These agents ensure that dirt removed during the wash does not settle back on the cleaned surface. For example, laundry detergents contain antiredeposition agents to keep clothes cleaner.

Aromatic Solvents

An Aromatic Solvent is composed of compounds with unsaturated carbon atom rings, typically used in benzene structures. These solvents are used for their strong solvent properties in industrial cleaning applications.

Asphyxiant

An Asphyziant is a hazardous gas or vapor that can lead to choking or death if used in poorly ventilated areas. For example, carbon monoxide is an asphyxiant that can be dangerous in enclosed spaces.

B

Backing

Backing, as it pertains to the under-side of a carpet, is the flat back that secures it in place. The backing provides stability and support to the carpet fibers. For instance, the backing of a carpet ensures it stays in place and maintains its shape over time.

Bacteria

Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that do not contain chlorophyll. Some bacteria are beneficial, while others can cause disease. For example, disinfectants are used to kill harmful bacteria on surfaces.

Baygon

Baygon is an industry name for a specific insecticide. This insecticide eliminates pests by attacking nerve transmissions. For example, Baygon is used in aerosol sprays to control cockroaches and ants.

Bait

Bait, as it pertains to insect elimination, is an attractant that typically precedes bug elimination. Baits are used to lure insects into traps or to poison them. For example, ant baits are used to control ant infestations by attracting and poisoning the ants.

Bactericide

Bactericide is a chemical compound used to eliminate bacteria. These chemicals are essential in disinfectants and sanitizers. For instance, a bactericide in hand sanitizers helps kill germs and prevent the spread of infections.

Base (Also see Alkali)

A Base is a water-soluble formula that is the starting point for a chemical solution. Bases are used in various cleaning products to neutralize acids and improve cleaning effectiveness. For example, sodium bicarbonate is a common base used in household cleaners.

Beater Bar

A Beater Bar is a rigid bar within a vacuum cleaner used to agitate and loosen soil in a carpet. The beater bar helps lift dirt and debris from carpet fibers, making vacuuming more effective. For example, upright vacuums often feature a beater bar to enhance their cleaning performance.

Biodegradable

A Biodegradable Substance is any product that can decompose or break down over time, typically through a biological organism or specific action. For instance, biodegradable cleaning products are designed to minimize environmental impact by breaking down naturally after use.

Black Marking / Scuffing

Black marks or scuffs are common in high-traffic areas. They typically occur when rubber shoe soles streak on a waxed floor. For example, floor finishes with high durability can resist black marking and scuffing, keeping floors looking clean and polished.

Bleach

Bleach is a product designed to whiten, clean, and brighten specific materials. Bleach is typically used in laundering fabrics and is adept at removing stains on certain surfaces. For instance, chlorine bleach is commonly used in laundry to disinfect and remove tough stains.

Bleeding

Bleeding refers to a process that lessens the amount of pigment in a floor, tile, or carpet due to leaching of the floor pigments. For example, improper cleaning methods can cause dye bleeding in carpets, leading to discoloration.

Blushing

Blushing is a term used when applying a whitening effect with a solvent finish. This effect can occur due to moisture trapped under the finish or rapid drying. For example, floor finishes can blush when applied in humid conditions.

Boiling Point

The Boiling Point is the temperature at which a liquid state transforms into a vaporous state. For example, the boiling point of water is 100°C (212°F), and this property is essential for understanding the behavior of cleaning solutions at different temperatures.

Boric Acid

Boric Acid is a weak acid typically found in various antiseptics, cleaners, and insecticides. For instance, boric acid is used in pest control to eliminate insects like cockroaches and ants.

Broad Spectrum

A Broad Spectrum cleaning agent is known to eliminate both positive and negative organisms. For example, broad-spectrum disinfectants can kill a wide range of bacteria and viruses, making them versatile for various cleaning applications.

Brown Out / Browning

Browning refers to a brownish or yellow discoloration of the face of a carpet, typically caused by excessive alkalinity within the cleaning agent. This leads to the backing of the carpet bleeding through to the original coloring of the face, discoloring it. For example, using a pH-balanced cleaner can prevent browning in carpets.

Buffable

Buffable refers to a floor finish that needs a floor buffering machine to generate a gloss film. For example, buffable finishes are used in commercial settings to maintain a high-gloss appearance on floors.

Buffable Floor Finish

A Buffable Floor Finish is a water-based floor finish or solvent that needs a mechanical floor buffer to apply a gloss to a floor’s surface. For instance, these finishes are ideal for maintaining the appearance of high-traffic areas like lobbies and hallways.

Buffer

A Buffer is a liquid formula fluid that is resistant to a change within the pH when alkali or acid is added. It is also a commonly used phrase for a scrubbing or floor buffing machine. For example, buffers are used to maintain the pH balance in cleaning solutions and to polish floors.

Buffing

Buffing refers to the act of polishing a surface with a pad or brush. For instance, buffing is used to restore the shine on waxed floors, giving them a polished and clean appearance.

Build-up

Build-up, as it relates to floor buffering, is a situation caused by adding layers of floor wax and/or finish over an un-scrubbed floor. Without scrubbing out the old layers beforehand, the build-up can become problematic. For example, regular stripping and reapplying floor finish prevent build-up.

Builder

A Builder is a specific material used to protect and upgrade how efficient a surfactant is. Builders handle inactivating water hardness, supplying alkalinity that assists in cleaning, providing buffering to preserve alkalinity, and preventing the re-deposition of oils and grease. For instance, builders in laundry detergents enhance their cleaning power.

Burnishing

Burnishing is a method of maintenance that typically refers to using a high RPM machine to buff and polish a floor through friction. This process includes using gloss and the heat from the buffing friction to create a gloss finish. For example, burnishing is used in commercial settings to keep floors looking shiny and new.

Butyl Cellosolve

Widely used in numerous cleaning and degreasing compounds, Butyl Cellosolve is one of the top water-based cleaning agents available. For instance, it is effective in breaking down grease and grime on various surfaces.

C

C.F.M.

C.F.M. stands for Cubic Ft. per Minute, typically illustrated by the quantity of air generated by the motor of a vacuum. For example, a vacuum with a high CFM rating is more effective at removing dirt and debris.

Calcium Carbonate

Calcium Carbonate is a type of inorganic compound found naturally within limestone and chalk. This compound usually causes water hardness. For example, calcium carbonate is often used as a mild abrasive in cleaning products.

Carnauba

Carnauba is the hardest natural wax available, derived from carnauba palm leaves. It provides exceptional wax finishing results, delivering a durable, buffable, and glossy film when formulated with water-based floor waxes. For instance, carnauba wax is used in high-quality car waxes for its excellent properties.

Carrier

A Carrier is an additive specifically inserted into a formula to make a specific soluble solution. Carriers are usually oil-based hydrocarbons or water. For example, carriers are used in cleaning products to deliver active ingredients effectively.

Catalyst

A Catalyst is an ingredient that starts or accelerates a specific chemical reaction. For instance, catalysts in cleaning products can speed up the reaction time for breaking down stains and soils.

Cationic Surfactant

A Cationic Surfactant is an ionic group that has been positively charged, commonly used in sanitizers and disinfectants. For example, cationic surfactants are effective in killing bacteria and viruses on surfaces.

Caustic

A Caustic Material is any alkaline material that has an aggressive or corrosive effect when interacting with living tissue. For instance, sodium hydroxide is a caustic substance used in drain cleaners to break down clogs.

Ceramic Tile

Ceramic Tile is a specific type of flooring material constructed from a formula mixture of specialty colorants and clays, combined at an extremely high temperature, creating a porcelain or brick-like substance. For example, ceramic tiles are durable and easy to clean, making them popular in kitchens and bathrooms.

Chalking

Chalking occurs when a coating produces a chalk-like powder from the surface's film. This can happen due to weathering or degradation of the finish. For example, exterior paints may chalk over time due to exposure to the elements.

Chelating Agent

A Chelating Agent is an organic material used to seize and eliminate metallic ions and hard water within the water itself. Ingredients like Sodium Citrate, Nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), and Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA) are examples of chelating agents in cleaning products to improve their effectiveness.

Chemical Compound

A Chemical Compound is the basic association of two or more chemical elements. For instance, water (H₂O) is a chemical compound consisting of hydrogen and oxygen.

Chemical Reaction

A Chemical Reaction is any variation that changes certain chemical properties within a substance, forming a new type of substance. For example, the reaction between vinegar and baking soda produces carbon dioxide gas.

Chemical Resistance

Chemical Resistance is the ability of a specific item to withstand certain chemicals or chemical groups without sustaining damage. For instance, chemical-resistant gloves are used to protect hands from harsh cleaning agents.

Chemical Symbol

Chemical Symbols are shorthand ways to represent a specific element within a formula or equation. For example, the chemical symbol for sodium is Na.

Chlordane

Chlordane is a chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide. Due to its toxicity levels, it is typically utilized as a termite eliminator. For instance, chlordane was used in pest control before being banned in many countries.

Chlorinated Hydrocarbon

Chlorinated Hydrocarbon is a chemical containing hydrogen, chlorine, and carbon. These compounds are used in various industrial applications. For example, dichloromethane is a chlorinated hydrocarbon used as a solvent.

Chlorinated Solvent

A Chlorinated Solvent is a degreasing solvent with greater solvent power and lower flammability than normal petroleum solvents. For example, trichloroethylene is used in metal cleaning and degreasing applications.

Chlorine Bleach

Chlorine Bleach is a specific type of bleach containing powerful oxidizing agents, commonly used for disinfection and stain removal. For instance, household bleach often contains sodium hypochlorite, a type of chlorine bleach.

Chlorine Powerful

Chlorine Powerful is a type of bleach that contains oxidizing agents usually used as a germicide. For example, chlorine bleach is effective in killing bacteria and viruses on surfaces.

Circling

Circling, as it pertains to cleaning, is a term used for circular streaks left on a carpet due to improper use of the carpet shampooer. For example, using a carpet shampooer incorrectly can leave visible circles on the carpet.

Clarity

Clarity is a term within the cleaning industry that refers to a clear, non-hazy surface. For instance, glass cleaners are formulated to provide streak-free clarity on windows and mirrors.

Cleaning Agent

A Cleaning Agent is an overarching term for either an emulsifying agent or detergent used to clean various surfaces and items. For example, dish soap is a common cleaning agent used to remove grease and food residues from dishes.

Cleanser

A Cleanser is a liquid or powdered cleaning product that includes ingredients like surfactants, bleach, and abrasives. For example, bathroom cleansers are formulated to remove soap scum, mildew, and hard water stains.

Cloud Point

Cloud Point is the temperature at which a surfactant becomes insoluble within water. For example, the cloud point of a detergent determines its effectiveness at different temperatures.

Clouding

Clouding, as it pertains to cleaning, occurs when residue from previous cleanings has not been removed properly. If left overly wet, carpet fiber will start to take on a cloudy appearance. For example, thorough rinsing is necessary to prevent clouding in carpets.

Coagulation

Coagulation is a process where emulsion droplets combine or bond together, leading to complete emulsion separation that cannot be reversed. For example, coagulation can occur in cleaning solutions if not formulated correctly.

Coalesce

Coalesce refers to a bond that can combine and fuse together, occurring when a floor wax finish dries. The wax fuses together to form a film for the surface. For instance, coalescence is essential for achieving a smooth, uniform floor finish.

Coalescent

A Coalescent is a solvent, either a glycol or type of glycol ether, that unifies emulsion particles to form one fused film. For example, coalescents are used in latex paints to help film formation.

Colloid

A Colloid is a solution where particles do not dissolve but are held in suspension within the solvent. For example, milk is a colloid where fat particles are suspended in water.

Color Fast

Color Fast describes carpet fiber's ability to hold its color. For example, colorfast carpets resist fading and discoloration even after repeated cleanings.

Compatibility

Compatibility, as it pertains to cleaning chemicals, is when two or more substances combine without problems to the chemical or physical formula. For example, mixing bleach with ammonia is incompatible and produces toxic fumes.

Compound

A Compound is a mixture of two or more bonded elements, typically difficult to divide once bonded. Chemical reactions are one of the few tools to separate them. For example, table salt (NaCl) is a compound of sodium and chlorine.

Concentrate

Concentrate is a pure form of a product that can be thinned with the addition of water. For instance, concentrated cleaners are diluted to the desired strength for cleaning various surfaces.

Concentration

Concentration is the set amount of active additives or ingredients within a product. For example, the concentration of bleach in a disinfectant solution determines its effectiveness.

Concrete

Concrete is a mixture of gravel and sand typically made for flooring material. When dried, concrete forms a hard, rock-like substance. For instance, concrete floors are durable and often used in industrial and commercial settings.

Concrete Seal

A Concrete Seal is a protective coating applied to an older or newer concrete floor. For example, concrete sealers prevent staining and make cleaning easier by providing a barrier against moisture and contaminants.

Conductive Flooring

Conductive Flooring is a material that can conduct electricity to reduce or eliminate unnecessary static electricity in a volatile setting. Conductive flooring materials include ceramic tile, linoleum, vinyl, terrazzo, and rubber. For instance, conductive flooring is used in electronics manufacturing facilities to prevent static discharge.

Contamination

Contamination refers to the addition of an undesirable material into a separate material. For example, cross-contamination can occur in food preparation areas if proper hygiene practices are not followed.

Coolant

Coolant refers to the fluid used to stop a mechanical item from overheating. For instance, antifreeze is a type of coolant used in car engines.

Cork Tile

Cork Tile is a specific type of flooring material created by combining and compressing ground-up cork with or without the addition of resins. The material is then heated and cured into the specific type of tile. For example, cork tiles are used in residential and commercial spaces for their durability and sound insulation properties.

Corrosion

Corrosion is a process that occurs when a chemical reaction slowly eats away on a metal surface. For example, rust is a common form of corrosion affecting iron and steel.

Corrosion Inhibitor

Corrosion Inhibitors are materials that defend against the corrosive effects that can occur over time on certain surfaces. The most common corrosion inhibitor in detergents is typically sodium silicate. For example, corrosion inhibitors are used in cleaning products to protect metal surfaces from rust.

Corrosive

A Corrosive substance is any gaseous, liquid, or solid that can irritate, burn, or destructively attack a certain type of material. For instance, hydrochloric acid is a corrosive substance used in cleaning and industrial applications.

Corrosives

The term Corrosives refers to substances that can cause eye and skin damage when a person comes into contact with them. For example, proper personal protective equipment is required when handling corrosive cleaning agents.

Co-solvent

A Co-solvent is a solvent that can modify both the stability and performance differentials of polish and wax. For example, co-solvents are used in cleaning products to enhance their effectiveness on different types of soils.

Coverage

Coverage refers to the exact measurement of the surface area that a predetermined amount of liquid can coat. For instance, the coverage of a floor finish determines how much product is needed to coat a specific area.

Creaming

Creaming refers to the development of a solid off-color layer that appears on the top of a liquid emulsion. For example, improper storage of cleaning products can lead to creaming, affecting their performance.

Critical Micelle Concentration

Critical Micelle Concentration is when a concentration of surfactant within a solution reaches a point where the molecules form aggregates known as micelles. For example, this property is essential for the effectiveness of detergents and soaps.

Crocking

Crocking is a term used to describe when excess color is rubbed off in either the wet or dry state. For example, crocking can occur in textiles if the dye is not properly fixed.

Cross-Contamination

Cross-Contamination is the process that occurs when bacteria are transferred from one entity to another. For instance, using the same cloth to clean raw meat and vegetables can lead to cross-contamination in kitchens.

Crosslink

A Crosslink is a chemical bond formed by two chains of polymer molecules. For example, crosslinking agents in floor finishes enhance their durability and resistance to wear.

D

DDVP

DDVP or Dichlorvos is a highly noxious organophosphate used as an insecticide to protect stored items from insects. This insecticide has been long thought to be a carcinogen; however, there is no evidence to date to back up that claim. For example, DDVP is used in pest control for its effectiveness against various pests.

D. N. R. (or DNR)

The DNR typically refers to the Department of Natural Resources.

Damp Mopping

Damp Mopping is a method of maintenance that employs using a wrung-out wet mop previously dampened with either a cleaning solution or water to eliminate light soiling from floors and other surfaces. For example, damp mopping is used in daily cleaning routines to maintain floor cleanliness.

Defoamer

A Defoamer is a substance that eliminates and reduces suds caused by shampoo left in the carpet. For instance, defoamers are used in carpet cleaning solutions to prevent foam buildup during the cleaning process.

Degradation

Degradation typically refers to a product breaking down due to overuse or age. It could also refer to the breakdown of certain active ingredients once an application is finished. For example, exposure to sunlight and air can cause degradation of cleaning products.

Degreaser

A Degreaser is a specific type of cleaning product designed to remove oils and grease from hard surfaces. For instance, degreasers are used in kitchens to clean stovetops and countertops.

Deionized Water

Deionized Water is water from which ionized, charged, or ionized inorganic or organic salts have been eliminated. For example, deionized water is used in cleaning applications where mineral-free water is required.

Deliquescent

Deliquescent is a specific substance that absorbs and dissolves water vapor from the air, creating a concentrated solution. For example, deliquescent materials are used in moisture-absorbing products like silica gel packs.

Density

Density is the measurement equal to the mass of the item divided by its overall volume. For instance, the density of a cleaning solution can affect its application and effectiveness.

Deodorant

Deodorant is an item that masks, eliminates, or destroys unpleasant odors. For example, air fresheners and fabric deodorizers are used to neutralize odors in homes and offices.

Detergent

A Detergent is a general term for chemicals used to clean surfaces, clothing, carpets, or other applicable situations. For instance, dish detergents are formulated to remove grease and food residues from dishes.

Detergent Resistance

Detergent Resistance is the ability to endure a detergent solution without damage being caused to the product. For example, detergent-resistant coatings protect surfaces from damage during cleaning.

Dielectric

Dielectric is a substance that has very low electrical conductivity. For example, dielectric materials are used in electrical insulation applications.

Diffusion

Diffusion is an even mixing of liquids and gases that occurs spontaneously. For instance, diffusion allows for the even distribution of cleaning agents in water.

Digester

A Digester is a chemical agent employed to break down soils and stains like food or blood. For example, enzyme-based digesters are used in laundry detergents to remove organic stains.

Diluent

A Diluent is a liquid, usually water or a solvent, used to thin a concentrated liquid. For instance, diluents are used to prepare cleaning solutions at the proper strength for different applications.

Dilution Rate (or ratio)

Dilution Rate is the ratio at which a liquid mixture reaches an optimum level for use. For example, the dilution rate of a disinfectant determines its effectiveness and safety for use on surfaces.

Dip Tank Degreasing

Dip Tank Degreasing is a process where oil, dirt, or grease is eliminated from metal through immersion in a degreasing solution. For instance, automotive parts are cleaned using dip tank degreasing to remove contaminants before assembly.

Dirt Embodiment

Dirt Embodiment refers to trapped dirt engrained within fabrics and surfaces that detergent washing cannot remove. For example, professional carpet cleaning is often required to remove deeply embedded dirt.

Dry Bright Floor Finish

Dry Bright Floor Finish is a term used to describe a self-polishing floor polish film. For example, these finishes are used in commercial settings to maintain a high-gloss appearance without the need for frequent buffing.

Disinfectant

A Disinfectant is a cleaning agent used to eliminate harmful viruses and bacteria from surfaces. For example, household disinfectants are used to clean kitchen countertops and bathroom surfaces to prevent the spread of germs.

Disinfection

Disinfection is the process in which disease-causing pathogens and bacteria are eliminated. For instance, disinfection is critical in healthcare settings to prevent the spread of infections.

Dispersant

Dispersant is a chemical that allows even spreading of insoluble ingredients. For example, dispersants in cleaning solutions help distribute active ingredients evenly across surfaces.

Dispersing Agent

A Dispersing Agent is a material that lessens the overall cohesive attraction between similar particles. For instance, dispersing agents prevent clumping in powdered cleaning products.

Dispersion

Dispersion refers to a type of colloidal system characterized by an external continuous phase and an internal discontinuous phase. Adding specific dispersing agents can create a more uniform dispersion. For example, dispersion is essential for evenly applying cleaning solutions to surfaces.

Distilled Water

Distilled Water is water that has had all salt removed through distillation. While distilled water is pure, it can contain dissolved gases. For instance, distilled water is used in cleaning applications where mineral-free water is required.

d-Limonene

d-Limonene is a natural hydrocarbon solvent extracted from citrus products. For example, d-limonene is used in eco-friendly cleaning products for its grease-cutting and deodorizing properties.

Drain Cleaner

Drain Cleaners are chemical products designed to clean clogs within plumbing drains. For instance, drain cleaners are used to remove hair, grease, and other blockages from kitchen and bathroom drains.

Dry Buffing

Dry Buffing is a floor cleaning method that employs a floor buffing machine, as well as floor polishing pads or brushes, to restore the surface finish to its previously glossy state. For example, dry buffing is used in commercial settings to maintain the appearance of waxed floors.

Dry Foam

Dry Foam is a near-waterless detergent solution mechanically added to a carpet. The soil is then lifted through a vacuum. For instance, dry foam cleaning is used for carpets to minimize drying time.

Dry Foam Cleaning

Dry Foam Cleaning uses concentrated foam as the primary cleaning chemical for a dry foam cleaning machine. The shampoo is used as a foam, allowing for less wetting on the surface of the carpet. For example, dry foam cleaning is suitable for delicate carpets and rugs.

Dry Rot

Dry Rot is the disintegration and breakdown of the back of a carpet. Mildew is typically the root cause of most dry rot. For example, proper ventilation and cleaning can prevent dry rot in carpets.

Dry Spotter

A Dry Spotter is a stain removal agent primarily used against grease or oily stains. For instance, dry spotters are used in laundry to pre-treat oil stains before washing.

Dry Stripping

Dry Stripping is a maintenance technique used to take away a floor’s finish by using a commercial floor machine, a stripping solution, and a stripping pad. For example, dry stripping is used to remove old floor finishes before applying new ones.

Dry Time

Dry Time refers to the time required for one coat of finish to dry properly before applying the next coat. Typically, there are four types of drying that occur in this scenario:

• Dry to Touch: When the film looks or feels dry.
• The Tack Moment: When dry materials, like dust, cannot stick to the surface.
• Recoat Time: The elapsed time when a film can be applied over an existing coat without negative effects.
• Fully Cure Moment: The elapsed time when the film’s coat is fully developed.

Durability

Durability describes how long a polish’s film can resist any unplanned alterations in appearance. These factors include foot traffic, abrasions, black heel mark resistance, dirt, scuffing, and scratching. For example, durable floor finishes are essential in high-traffic areas.

Dust Mopping

Dust Mopping is a maintenance method used to eliminate dust from surfaces through a dry mop. For instance, dust mopping is used in daily cleaning routines to maintain floor cleanliness in commercial spaces.

Dwell or Contact Time

Dwell or Contact Time refers to the lapsed time a formula remains on a floor’s surface. For example, allowing disinfectants to dwell on surfaces for the recommended time ensures effective germ-killing action.

E

E.P.A.

The E.P.A. stands for the Environmental Protection Agency.

Efflorescent

Efflorescent is a type of crystallization that manifests as a powdery coating on concrete, brick, or a related substance. This occurs when there is a loss of water or solvent from a hydrated or solvated salt. The powder then occurs when the substance comes in contact with oxygen. For instance, efflorescence can be seen on brick walls and concrete surfaces.

Electrolytes

Electrolytes are substances that can conduct an electric current. For example, electrolytes are essential in battery acid and sports drinks.

Electrostatic Attraction

Electrostatic Attraction is a pulling force that occurs when two ions that are oppositely charged are drawn together. For instance, this principle is used in electrostatic cleaning devices to attract dust and debris.

Elements

Elements are pure substances that cannot change or be broken down any further. Classified within the scientific periodic table, these elements are known as the building blocks of all matter. For example, hydrogen and oxygen are elements that combine to form water.

Emulsifiable Concentrate

An Emulsifiable Concentrate is an oil-based mixture that, when combined with water, creates a milky white, concrete solution. For instance, emulsifiable concentrates are used in pesticide formulations.

Emulsification

Emulsification occurs when oils, fats, and soils are broken down into smaller particles. These particles are then suspended within the solution. For example, dishwashing detergents emulsify grease to clean dishes effectively.

Emulsifier

An Emulsifier is a chemical agent used to suspend an incompatible material from another material. For instance, emulsifiers are used in salad dressings to keep oil and vinegar mixed.

Emulsion

Emulsion is a stable combination of water and water-insoluble items divided through one or more surface-active agents. For example, emulsions are used in floor polishes to provide a smooth, glossy finish.

Emulsion Polymer

An Emulsion Polymer is a phase where polymer particles are suspended through a substance called emulsifiers. For instance, emulsion polymers are used in water-based paints and coatings.

Encapsulation

Encapsulation is a process where a compound is surrounded for a permanent, controlled, or time-released method of dispensing. For example, encapsulation technology is used in air fresheners to release fragrance over time.

Enzyme

Enzymes are protein molecules produced in an organism and then used as a catalyst to achieve a certain biochemical reaction. For example, enzymes in laundry detergents break down protein-based stains like blood and grass.

Esbiothrin

Esbiothrin is a quick-acting insecticide effective against both crawling and flying insects. For instance, esbiothrin is used in mosquito coils and insect repellent sprays.

Etch

An Etch is a chemically caused alteration to the exterior of a floor’s surface, often making it rough or pitted. For example, acidic cleaners can etch marble and limestone surfaces if not used properly.

Evaporation

Evaporation is the change that occurs when a liquid turns into a gaseous vapor state. For instance, evaporation is a key process in drying surfaces after cleaning .

Evaporation Speed

Evaporation Speed is the rate of time it takes for a liquid to turn into a gaseous vapor state. For example, the evaporation speed of a cleaning solution affects how quickly it dries on a surface.

Exothermic Reaction

An Exothermic Reaction is a situation that occurs when heat is emitted to the area around a reaction. For example, exothermic reactions are used in self-heating cleaning products.

F

Factory Finish

A Factory Finish is a temporary film applied to a flooring material during its manufacturing phase. For example, factory finishes protect floors during shipping and installation.

Fading

Fading refers to the loss of color caused by actinic radiation like atmospheric gases, certain cleaning and bleaching chemicals, and sunlight. For example, UV exposure can cause fading in outdoor furniture fabrics.

Fastness

Fastness is the overall retention of color within a carpet and other materials. For example, high fastness ensures that carpet colors remain vibrant after repeated cleanings.

Fatty Acid

Fatty Acid compounds are organic materials that react with the base to form soap. For example, fatty acids are used in soap-making processes to create cleaning products.

Film

Film is a small, thin coating or covering that protects a surface from other outside sources. For instance, protective films are applied to floors and countertops to guard against scratches and stains.

Finish

Finish is a specific kind of coating or film that protects against abrasions on a surface. Additionally, it enhances the surface’s overall appearance. For example, floor finishes provide a glossy, durable coating that enhances the look of floors.

Fire Point

The Fire Point is the lowest overall temperature at which liquid vapors will catch fire near a flame or spark. For example, understanding the fire point of cleaning solvents is essential for safe storage and use.

Fisheye

A Fisheye is a small rounded surface imperfection within a polish’s film caused by surface tension. For example, fisheyes can occur in automotive paint finishes if contaminants are present on the surface.

Flagged Fibers

Flagged Fibers are broom or brush fibers with split ends, increasing the efficiency of their cleaning capabilities. For instance, flagged fiber brooms are used to sweep fine dust and debris from floors.

Flash Point

The Flash Point is the lowest temperature at which liquid vapors will ignite in the presence of fire. For example, knowing the flash point of a solvent is important for handling and storage safety.

Flocculation

Flocculation is a reversible process where emulsion droplets stick together to form clusters or clumps. For example, flocculation can occur in water treatment processes to remove suspended particles.

Floor Finish

Floor Finish is the highest protective surface coating layer on a floor. For instance, high-quality floor finishes provide a durable, glossy coating that protects floors from wear and tear.

Floor Machine

A Floor Machine is a power-driven tool fully equipped to buff, brush, clean, polish, and scrub floors. For example, floor machines are used in commercial cleaning to maintain large floor areas efficiently.

Floor Polish

Floor Polish is a temporary film designed to enhance and protect the overall appearance of a floor. For instance, floor polishes are used in homes and businesses to provide a shiny, clean look to floors.

Floor Sealer

Floor Sealer is a coating applied to a surface before a floor finishing coat. Floor sealers promote higher levels of adhesion for the finished coat. For example, floor sealers are used on porous surfaces like concrete to provide a smooth, sealed base for floor finishes.

Fluorochemical

A Fluorochemical is a fluorinated surfactant that can lessen the surface tension of the liquid and enhance the wetting and leveling characteristics of certain polishes. For example, fluorochemicals are used in fabric protectors to repel water and stains.

Foam

Foam is a large quantity of bubbles that form when a liquid is agitated. For instance, foaming cleaners are used to remove dirt and grime from surfaces by creating a rich lather.

Fog

Fog is an extremely fine collection of atomized particles suspended fully in the air. For example, foggers are used in pest control to distribute insecticides in fine particles.

Fumigant

A Fumigant is a type of pressurized gas used to exterminate fungi, rodents, and insects. For instance, fumigants are used in agriculture to control pests in stored grain.

Fungicide

A Fungicide is a chemical used to eliminate fungi and fungus. For example, fungicides are used in garden products to prevent and treat fungal diseases in plants.

Furniture Cleaner

Furniture Cleaner and Polish is a chemical designed to eliminate stains and dust from specified wooden surfaces. For example, furniture cleaners are used to clean and polish wooden tables and chairs.

G

Galvanizing

Galvanizing is the process of coating certain metals with zinc to create corrosion resistance. For example, galvanized steel is used in outdoor structures to prevent rust.

Germicide

Germicide is any substance used to kill germs. Germicides are typically disinfectants. For example, household disinfectants contain germicides to eliminate bacteria and viruses on surfaces.

Gloss

Gloss is the visual perception of an applied wax or finish. It typically provides a shining, wet look. Gloss may also describe the perceived depth or thickness, overall clarity, and uniformity of the surface. For example, high-gloss floor finishes create a reflective, polished appearance.

Grains Hardness

Grains Hardness measures how hard the water being used is, measuring the overall dissolved amount of magnesium salts and calcium within the water sampled. For example, water hardness affects the performance of cleaning products, requiring adjustments in formulations for different water types.

Granules

Granules are coarse particles used in cleaning, typically for scrubbing. For example, abrasive cleaners contain granules to remove tough stains and grime from surfaces.

Grout

Grout is a substance used to combine and adhere ceramic tiles together. For example, grout is used in tile installations to fill gaps and provide a finished look.

H

Hand Cleanser

Hand Cleaner is a cleansing tool used to remove grease, oils, and other soils from hands. For example, heavy-duty hand cleansers are used in industrial settings to clean workers' hands after handling machinery and tools.

Hard Water

Hard Water contains high levels of magnesium and calcium. There are two hardness types: temporary hardness, which is easy to remove, and permanent hardness, which is difficult to remove. For example, water softeners are used to treat hard water for cleaning applications.

Hardness

Hardness describes the concentration of salts in water. The more salt in the water, the less effective the water can be while cleaning. For example, hard water can reduce the effectiveness of soap and detergents, requiring higher amounts to achieve the same cleaning power.

Hardwood Floor

Hardwood Flooring is non-resilient wooden flooring, typically made from pecan, maple, beech, oak, or other hardwoods. For example, hardwood floors are valued for their durability and aesthetic appeal in homes and offices.

Hazardous Material

Hazardous Material is a substance that can produce harmful safety or health risks to those around it. For example, cleaning products containing hazardous materials require proper handling and storage to prevent accidents and injuries.

Heeling

Heeling is a technique used by providing pressure to one side of a floor machine to eliminate heel marks on the floor's surface. For example, heeling is used in floor maintenance to remove scuff marks from waxed floors.

Heterogeneous

Heterogeneous describes a substance that can change its properties and composition from one part to another. These properties can also change within a solution. For example, heterogeneous mixtures are found in cleaning products that contain multiple phases or components.

High Solids

High Solids describes a floor finish with a non-volatile content of 20 percent or higher. This differs from concentrated high solids, typically used without dilution. For example, high solids floor finishes provide a durable, long-lasting coating for floors.

High Speed

High Speed describes a range of floor machines that can harness speeds of anywhere from 500 to 1500 rpm. For example, high-speed floor machines are used for burnishing and polishing floors to a high-gloss finish.

High Speed Floor Finish

A High Speed Floor Finish is a finish designed specifically for high-speed floor machines. For instance, these finishes are used in commercial settings to maintain a shiny, polished appearance on floors.

High Speed Floor Machine

High Speed Floor Machines are floor burnishing or buffing machines that operate at speeds of 200 RPMs (Revolutions per Minute) or more. For example, high-speed floor machines are used to maintain the appearance of waxed floors in high-traffic areas.

Homogeneous

A Homogeneous substance is a type of material that retains the same composition and properties throughout its lifecycle. For example, homogeneous floor finishes provide consistent performance and appearance.

Hormone

A Hormone is a chemical that directly interacts with the development, behavior, or metabolism of an organism. For example, hormones are used in agriculture to regulate plant growth and development.

Hue

Hue refers to a bluish tone within the film that promotes the look of depth within the polish. For example, hue is an important factor in the aesthetic appeal of floor finishes.

Humidity

Humidity refers to the measurement of moisture within the atmosphere. For instance, high humidity can affect the drying time and performance of cleaning products.

Hydrophilic

Hydrophilic refers to a radical type of surfactant molecule that allows it to be soluble within water. This is the opposite of a hydrophobic surfactant. For example, hydrophilic surfactants are used in detergents to improve their cleaning power.

Hydrotrope

A Hydrotrope is a substance that increases the overall insolubility within the water of a different material. For instance, hydrotropes are used in cleaning products to enhance their effectiveness in hard water.

Hygroscopic

Hygroscopic describes a substance that can absorb up to and over 70% of the mass of the water vapor. For example, hygroscopic materials are used in moisture-absorbing products like desiccants.

I

Impervious

Impervious describes an item or material that is incapable of being pierced. For example, impervious surfaces are used in construction and manufacturing to provide durability and resistance to damage.

Inert

Inert describes a substance that is not active within a formula. For instance, inert ingredients in cleaning products do not affect their cleaning performance but may provide stability or consistency.

Inert Ingredient

An Inert Ingredient is a component within a product that does not add to the product's functionality. For example, fillers in cleaning products are inert ingredients that provide bulk without affecting performance.

Inhibitor

An Inhibitor is an item that drastically reduces the effectiveness of a product. For example, inhibitors are used in cleaning products to prevent the growth of bacteria and mold.

Inorganic

Inorganic substances are not made of a combination of hydrogen and carbon. For example, inorganic compounds like sodium chloride (table salt) are used in various cleaning applications.

Insolubility

Insolubility refers to the substance's inability to dissolve into a different solution. For example, insoluble particles in cleaning products may provide abrasive action for scrubbing surfaces.

Interfacial Tension

Interfacial Tension is a measurement of molecular forces within the boundary of two separate phases. Liquids with lower interfacial tension tend to emulsify easier. For example, reducing interfacial tension in cleaning solutions improves their ability to remove oils and grease.

Iodine

Iodine is a specific type of disinfecting agent. For example, iodine-based disinfectants are used in medical and food processing applications for their effectiveness in killing bacteria and viruses.

Irritant

An Irritant is a material that causes a negative reaction to the skin, eyes, or respiratory system, leading to inflammation. For example, cleaning products with irritants require proper handling and protective equipment to prevent exposure.

J

James Machine

A James Machine is an instrument used to measure the static coefficient of friction of a type of surface. For example, the James Machine test is used to assess the slip resistance of floor finishes.

K

K. B. Value

A K.B. Value is a measurement that indicates the overall relative power of a solvent and is used to test how aggressive the solvent is. For example, a higher K.B. value indicates a more powerful solvent for cleaning applications.

L

L. D.

L.D. is an abbreviated term identifying a “Lethal Dose.”

Lambs Wool

Lambs wool is a specific type of finish applicator consisting of a wooden block, a handle, and a lambs wool pad. It is favored for its overall smoothness of application. For example, lambs wool applicators are used to apply floor finishes evenly.

Lanolin

Lanolin is an emollient derived from animal sources, providing high-performance skin conditioning. For example, lanolin is used in hand creams and lotions to moisturize and protect the skin.

Leveling

Leveling is the ability of a floor finish to cover a surface, providing a smooth film throughout the drying process. For instance, leveling agents in floor finishes ensure an even, glossy coating.

Leveling Aid

A Leveling Aid is a substance added to a floor polish to allow the substance to fully dry, providing a level-looking film. For example, leveling aids help achieve a uniform appearance in floor finishes.

Lime

Lime is an insoluble mineral deposit commonly found in water. For example, lime deposits can cause scaling in pipes and appliances, requiring descaling agents for removal.

Linoleum

Linoleum is porous, soft, and can discolor over time. It also becomes more porous when subjected to specific alkaline cleaners and strippers. For example, linoleum floors require proper maintenance to preserve their appearance and longevity.

Loop Pile

Loop Pile is a carpet style consisting of uncut woven yarn loops. For example, loop pile carpets are durable and often used in commercial settings.

Lubricant

Lubricant is a material used to reduce the overall friction between surfaces. For instance, lubricants are used in cleaning equipment to ensure smooth operation and prevent wear.

M

M. A. C. Rating

M.A.C. or Maximum Allowable Concentration, is a rating that generally determines the value used to determine the overall quantity of solvent vapor permitted within a concentrated area. This is used for toxicity purposes. For example, the M.A.C. rating of a solvent ensures safe usage levels in confined spaces.

M.S.D.S. (MSDS)

A Material Safety Data Sheet, or M.S.D.S., is a form required by law to list hazardous ingredients within a manual for companies distributing and selling these chemical products. For example, MSDS provides essential safety information for handling and storing cleaning chemicals.

M.F.T. (Minimum Forming Temperature)

M.F.T. or Minimum Forming Temperature, is the temperature at which a floor polish or polymer will not be able to form a film completely. For instance, understanding the M.F.T. ensures proper application of floor finishes in different environments.

Marble

Marble, or Travertine Marble, is a surface material used for flooring. For example, marble floors are valued for their elegant appearance and require specific maintenance to preserve their beauty.

Mechanical Cleaning

Mechanical Cleaning is the method of removing soil and dirt from a surface by scrubbing or abrasives, compared to using chemical cleaning. For example, mechanical cleaning is used for heavy-duty cleaning tasks in industrial settings.

Medicated Soap

Medicated Soap is a bath soap containing antibacterial ingredients that help inhibit or reduce the growth of certain bacteria on the skin's surface. For example, medicated soaps are used in healthcare settings to prevent the spread of infections.

Micron

A Micron is a measurement based on one hundred thousandths of an inch of overall thickness. For example, microns measure particle sizes in air filters and cleaning products.

Mildew

Mildew is a fungal growth that can cause fiber degradation and odor over time. For example, mildew can develop in damp, poorly ventilated areas and requires proper cleaning and prevention methods.

Mill Finish

A Mill Finish is a finish applied through the manufacturing company to a resilient floor tile, which can be removed and stripped before being professionally sealed and finished. For example, mill finishes protect floor tiles during shipping and installation.

Miscible

Miscible describes liquids that are symbiotically soluble. For example, water and alcohol are miscible liquids that can mix in any proportion without separating.

Miscibility

Similar to solubility, it is the quality of a liquid or gas that can dissolve uniformly within another gas or liquid. For instance, miscibility is important for formulating effective cleaning solutions.

Molecules

Molecules are the smallest overall particle within a specific compound or element. For example, understanding the molecular structure of cleaning agents helps in developing effective formulations.

Mop and Shine

Mop and Shine is a maintenance method that uses a special type of mop to lightly clean the film of a well-worn floor finish. For example, mop and shine products are used to refresh and maintain the appearance of floors between deep cleanings.

Muriatic

Muriatic is the commercial name for hydrochloric acid. For example, muriatic acid is used in cleaning and etching applications for its strong acidic properties.

N

Neutral

A Neutral chemical is a state that is not an acid or an alkali. Anything with a pH of 7 is considered neutral. For example, neutral cleaners are used on sensitive surfaces to avoid damage.

Neutral Cleaner

A Neutral Cleaner is a floor cleaner with a pH level compatible with the finish, generally ranging from 7 to 9. The pH of neutral cleaners can be around 10 if it does not contain any harsh alkalis. For example, neutral cleaners are used to maintain the appearance and longevity of floor finishes.

Neutral Solution

A Neutral Solution is not acidic or basic; it has a pH of 7. For example, neutral solutions are used in various cleaning applications to avoid damaging surfaces.

Non Buffable Finish

Generally, a finish that dries to a high durable gloss and cannot be dry-buffed to restore shine. Since the advent of spray buffing, this term is seldom used. For example, non-buffable finishes provide long-lasting protection without requiring frequent maintenance.

Non-Buff Finish

A Non-Buff Hard Floor Finish is designed to provide a high initial gloss, only repairable by spray buffing. For instance, these finishes are used in commercial settings to maintain a polished appearance with minimal maintenance.

Non-Buffable

Non-Buffable refers to hard finishes that do not respond to low-speed floor buffing machines. For example, non-buffable finishes require specific maintenance methods to maintain their appearance.

Non-Chlorine Bleach

Non-Chlorine Bleach is a laundry product containing certain oxygen compounds that release active oxygen within the wash water. For example, non-chlorine bleach is used to brighten and whiten fabrics without the harsh effects of chlorine bleach.

Non-Residual

Non-Residual refers to effects that usually last about 48-72 hours. For example, non-residual disinfectants provide temporary protection against germs without leaving lasting residues.

Non-ionic Detergent

Non-ionic Detergent is a chemical that possesses certain surfactant properties, including surface wetting and soil dispersion. For example, non-ionic detergents are used in dishwashing liquids for their grease-cutting abilities.

Non-ionic Surfactant

Non-ionic Surfactant is a surface-acting active agent that does not contain negatively or positively charged functional groups. For example, non-ionic surfactants are used in laundry detergents to remove soils effectively without leaving residues.

Nylon

Nylon is a synthetic thermoplastic that resides within the polyamide family, commonly used in tufted carpet material. For example, nylon carpets are durable and resistant to wear, making them popular in residential and commercial settings.

O

O.S.H.A. (OSHA)

OSHA or the Occupational Safety and Health Act, is a federal act designed to offer safe working conditions. For example, OSHA regulations ensure that cleaning professionals use and handle chemicals safely.

Optical Brightener

Optical Brightener is an agent that whitens and is used in the cleaning process. It absorbs UV light, emitting visible light as a result. For example, optical brighteners are used in laundry detergents to make clothes appear brighter and cleaner.

Oxidation

Oxidation is the process that produces a chemical reaction when an object comes in direct short or long-term contact with oxygen. A typical example is that of metal rusting. For example, oxidation can cause discoloration and degradation of materials, requiring protective measures in cleaning and maintenance.

P

Pathogen

A Pathogen is an organism that can produce and cultivate disease. For example, disinfectants are used to kill pathogens on surfaces to prevent the spread of illness.

Penetrant

A Penetrant is a product that can thin and spread out over a surface to sufficiently cover it. For example, penetrants are used in cleaning products to ensure even application and effectiveness.

Petroleum Distillate

Petroleum Distillate is a hydrocarbon solvent derived from crude oil through distillation. For example, petroleum distillates are used in cleaning products for their strong solvent properties.

pH

pH is the symbol of measurement that expresses the varied degrees of alkalinity or acidity. For example, the pH level of a cleaning solution determines its suitability for different cleaning tasks.

Phenol

Phenol is a specific type of chemical used for disinfecting, also commonly known as carbolic acid. For example, phenol-based disinfectants are used in healthcare settings for their effectiveness against a wide range of pathogens.

Phosphoric Acid

Phosphoric Acid is a common acid used in cleaning formulas, often utilized in light-duty degreasing agents. For example, phosphoric acid is used to remove mineral deposits and rust stains from surfaces.

Phosphate

Phosphate is a water softener widely used in various detergents. For example, phosphates enhance the cleaning power of laundry detergents by softening hard water.

Pitting

Pitting occurs when small notches on terrazzo and concrete surfaces grow due to foot traffic. This can be prevented by using a protective, coated floor finish on the flooring surface. For example, regular maintenance with appropriate floor finishes prevents pitting in high-traffic areas.

Plasticizer

A Plasticizer is an organic material used to help increase the overall toughness, durability, flexibility, gloss, and leveling of the polymer. For instance, plasticizers are used in floor finishes to improve their performance and appearance.

Polyethylene

Polyethylene is a plasticizer typically used in floor finishes. For example, polyethylene enhances the durability and resistance of floor finishes to wear and tear.

Polymer

A Polymer is a chemical compound composed of small, similar parts linked together chemically. For instance, polymers are used in cleaning products to provide film-forming properties and enhance their effectiveness.

Polyurethane

Polyurethane is a thermoplastic type of polymer with excellent gloss and hardness. For example, polyurethane is used in floor finishes to provide a durable, high-gloss coating that resists wear and damage.

Porous

A Porous surface is rough and coarse, requiring additional sealer or finish to fill in and smooth out the uneven surface. For example, porous surfaces like concrete benefit from sealers to enhance their appearance and protect them from stains and moisture.

Powdering

Powdering occurs when dust appears on the surface of a finished floor. For instance, improper application or maintenance of floor finishes can lead to powdering, requiring corrective measures to restore the floor's appearance.

Pre Spotting

Pre-Spotting is a cleaning method used before the overall cleaning to remove stubborn stains and pre-treat high foot-traffic areas. For example, pre-spotting with stain removers improves the effectiveness of carpet cleaning.

Preservative

Preservative is a chemical that can halt the aging process on floors, delaying discoloration, decay, oxidation, and bacterial growth. For instance, preservatives in cleaning products help maintain their efficacy and shelf life.

Preventative Maintenance

Preventative Maintenance involves scheduled adjustments and overall inspection of equipment, including cleaning, lubricating, and examination. For example, regular preventative maintenance of cleaning equipment ensures optimal performance and longevity.

PSI

PSI is an abbreviation for “Pounds per Square Inch,” a unit used for measuring pressure. For example, the PSI of a pressure washer determines its cleaning power for different surfaces.

Pumice

Pumice is a porous type of volcanic rock frequently used for its abrasive qualities. For instance, pumice stones are used to remove tough stains and calluses from surfaces and skin.

R

Reagent

A Reagent is a substance used to initiate a specific chemical reaction. For example, reagents are used in cleaning products to enhance their effectiveness in removing stains and soils.

Recoating

Recoating is a maintenance method requiring additional coats to the originally coated surface. For example, recoating floors with new layers of finish restores their appearance and protects them from wear.

Re-Emulsification

Re-Emulsification is a chemical process where floor finish re-liquefies before drying completely. For instance, re-emulsification can occur if the floor finish is not applied correctly, affecting its performance and appearance.

Refinishing

Refinishing is the capability to administer a fresh coat of floor finish or wax to a surface. For example, refinishing wood floors restores their beauty and protects them from damage.

Residue

Residue is the excess remains of cleaning chemicals left behind after cleaning. For instance, residues can cause streaks and dullness on surfaces, requiring thorough rinsing to remove.

Resilient Flooring

Resilient Flooring refers to flexible floor materials that can withstand heavy foot traffic and harsher conditions. Resilient flooring typically includes cork, asphalt tile, no wax, linoleum, vinyl, vinyl asbestos, seamless floors, and rubber. For example, resilient flooring is used in commercial settings for its durability and ease of maintenance.

Resilient Tile

Similar to Resilient Flooring, Resilient Tile refers to specific types of tile floor coverings that can withstand harsh conditions. Resilient tile typically includes floors such as asphalt, asbestos, pure vinyl, vinyl tiles, and rubber. For example, resilient tiles are used in high-traffic areas for their durability and easy maintenance.

Resin

Resin, in emulsion finishes and sealers, are materials that contribute to the overall gloss and leveling of the film. For instance, resins are used in floor finishes to enhance their appearance and durability.

Restorer

A Restorer is a product used to maintain and enhance the look and health of a flooring surface. For example, floor restorers are used to refresh and protect worn floor finishes, extending their lifespan.

Rotary Brush

A Rotary Brush is a rotating cleaning brush used with high foam shampoo. For example, rotary brushes are used in carpet cleaning machines to agitate and lift dirt from carpet fibers.

S

Sanitizer

A Sanitizer is a product that dramatically reduces the overall number of bacteria within the area it is applied to. For example, hand sanitizers kill germs on hands, reducing the risk of infection.

Saponification

Saponification is a process that converts fat to soap by treating it with an alkali. For example, saponification is used in soap-making to produce cleaning products from natural fats and oils.

Scouring Pad

A Scouring Pad is a palm-sized abrasive pad used for cleaning. For instance, scouring pads are used to remove tough stains and grime from pots, pans, and other surfaces.

Sealers

Sealers are specialized formulations designed to fill in porous floors while providing protection. For example, sealers are used on concrete and wood floors to protect against stains and moisture.

Secondary Backing

Secondary Backing, as it refers to carpet care, is the laminated backing on the reverse side of the carpet, providing stability and strength. For example, secondary backing ensures the durability and longevity of carpets in high-traffic areas.

Self Polishing

Self Polishing is a type of non-buffable floor polish or finish that dries to a bright shine without needing further effort to shine. For instance, self-polishing floor finishes are used in commercial settings for easy maintenance.

Sequestering Agents

Sequestering Agents are chemicals that prevent salts and water hardness within hard water. For example, sequestering agents enhance the performance of cleaning products by softening hard water.

Sheen

Sheen describes the amount of shine of a low-angled gloss. For example, floor finishes with different sheen levels are used to achieve desired appearances, from matte to high-gloss finishes.

Shelf Life

Shelf Life refers to the time elapsed between when the product was manufactured and when the product will spoil. For instance, shelf life information helps users store and use cleaning products before they degrade.

Sodium Hydroxide

Sodium Hydroxide is a caustic substance used to manufacture soap and detergents. For example, sodium hydroxide is used in drain cleaners to dissolve clogs and in soap making for its strong cleaning properties.

Soil Load Capacity

Soil Load Capacity refers to the overall amount of soil a chemical can suspend before the product's properties are affected. For example, high soil load capacity ensures that cleaning products remain effective even with heavy soil loads.

Soils

Soils refer to substances that can attach to surfaces through electrical attraction, surface tension, or chemical bonding, creating a pollutant. For instance, understanding the types of soils helps select the appropriate cleaning products for effective removal.

Solubility

Solubility refers to a material that can dissolve into a different material. For example, the solubility of cleaning agents in water affects their application and performance.

Solution

A Solution is a mixture of two or more liquids. For instance, cleaning solutions are formulated to provide effective cleaning by combining active ingredients and solvents.

Solvent Finish

A Solvent Finish is a finish where the content of the solvent is borne within a solvent instead of water. For example, solvent finishes provide durable coatings for floors and other surfaces.

Solvent

A Solvent is a liquid that dissolves a material to form a solution. A solvent can also refer to a liquid that can dissolve into a substance. For example, solvents are used in cleaning products to dissolve grease and grime.

Spore

A Spore is a resistant and thick cell coat that can form within a cell wall during its resting stage. For example, spores are produced by fungi and bacteria, requiring thorough cleaning and disinfection to remove.

Spray Buffing

Spray Buffing is a maintenance procedure employed to restore a floor’s finish, delivering a glossy film by using a floor buffer and buffing pads. For example, spray buffing is used in commercial settings to maintain the appearance of waxed floors.

Spreader

A Spreader is a compound that helps increase the overall surface area a liquid can cover. For example, spreaders are used in cleaning products to ensure even application and coverage.

Stain Repellant

A Stain Repellant is a product that, when applied to a carpet, helps with the surface’s resistance to stains. For example, stain repellents are used to protect carpets and upholstery from spills and stains.

Sterilization

Sterilization is the process that eliminates or destroys bacteria, specifically microorganisms. For instance, sterilization is used in healthcare settings to ensure that equipment and surfaces are free from harmful microorganisms.

Streaking

Streaking refers to non-uniform lines that can be left in the film of a floor’s finish. For example, improper application of floor finishes can result in streaking, requiring corrective measures to achieve a smooth finish.

Stripper

A Stripper is a product used to eliminate a coating from most floor film finishes. For instance, floor strippers are used to remove old wax and finishes before applying new coats.

Stripping

Stripping is a maintenance method used to remove floor finishes. For example, stripping floors is a periodic task to remove built-up layers of finish and prepare the surface for new coatings.

Surface Tension

Surface Tension refers to the contractive tendencies of surface liquids, allowing the liquid to resist external forces. For instance, reducing surface tension in cleaning solutions improves their ability to spread and wet surfaces.

Surfactant

Surfactant is the general term for active surface agents used in cleaners. It reduces the overall surface tension while providing improved dispersing properties, emulsifying, wetting, and penetrating. For example, surfactants are essential in cleaning products to enhance their effectiveness in removing soils.

Suspension

Suspension is the process where a specific type of cleaning material can hold insoluble particles of dirt within a cleaning solution. For instance, suspensions in cleaning solutions keep dirt particles from settling back on cleaned surfaces.

Synthetic Detergents

Synthetic Detergents, or soapless detergents, are cleaning products that use synthetic surfactants instead of traditional soaps. For example, synthetic detergents provide effective cleaning without the drawbacks of soap scum and residue.

T

Tackiness

Tackiness is an adhesive or sticky condition to the surface, typically in reference to a floor. For example, tacky surfaces attract dirt and require proper cleaning and maintenance to avoid buildup.

Telescope Handle

A Telescope Handle is a cleaning pole with an extendable length, extending through pulling the tubes out, as one is within the next. For instance, telescope handles are used in cleaning tools to reach high or difficult areas.

Terrazzo

Terrazzo refers to the polished flooring surface consisting of granite or marble chips mixed with a specific cement matrix. For example, terrazzo floors are valued for their durability and aesthetic appeal in commercial and residential spaces.

Thermoplastic

Thermoplastic is a type of polymer that softens when exposed to high heat and returns to its original condition once cooled. For instance, thermoplastic materials are used in floor finishes for their durability and ease of maintenance.

Thinner

A Thinner is a liquid used to decrease the overall thickness of a film, disappearing during the curing of the film. For example, thinners are used in paint and varnish formulations to adjust their viscosity.

Top Coating

Top Coating refers to the maintenance procedure employed when applying additional coats to a floor’s finish. For instance, top coating floors maintains their appearance and provides additional protection against wear.

Top Scrubbing

Top Scrubbing is undertaken to apply further coats of floor finish without stripping previous coats off. For example, top scrubbing is used in maintenance routines to refresh floor finishes and extend their lifespan.

Toxicity

Toxicity refers to an effect that can be harmful to the human body through inhalation, ingestion, and physical contact. For example, understanding the toxicity of cleaning products ensures safe handling and usage to prevent health risks.

Traffic Lane

Traffic Lane is a high-traffic location, typically an area that wears down before other areas on the surface. For example, traffic lanes in carpets require regular cleaning and maintenance to prevent wear and soiling.

Traffic Lane Cleaner

A Traffic Lane Cleaner is a heavy-duty cleaner designed to disperse and pre-treat heavy soil within traffic lanes. For example, traffic lane cleaners are used in carpet cleaning to tackle areas with high foot traffic.

U

U.S.D.A. (USDA)

The USDA is the United States Department of Agriculture, responsible for issuing lists of compounds approved for use within federally inspected areas. For example, USDA-approved cleaning products meet specific safety and efficacy standards for food processing environments.

Ultra-High Speed

Ultra-High Speed refers to floor machines that turn over 2,000 RPM or higher. For instance, ultra-high-speed machines are used for burnishing floors to achieve a high-gloss finish quickly.

Urethane

Urethane is a crystalline, hard, plastic material that is the main additive for wood sealers and concrete. For example, urethane finishes provide durable and protective coatings for wood and concrete surfaces.

Use-Dilution

Use-Dilution refers to the final stage in which a formula is used. For example, use-dilution rates ensure that cleaning solutions are prepared at the proper strength for effective cleaning.

V

Vapor

Vapor is a diffused type of substance suspended in the air. For example, vapors from cleaning products can affect indoor air quality and require proper ventilation during use.

Vapor Degreasing

Vapor Degreasing is the process where a chlorinated solvent is heated within a tank. The heated solvent forms vapor, which then condenses on cooler metal parts. For example, vapor degreasing is used in industrial cleaning to remove oils and contaminants from metal surfaces.

Varnish

Varnish is a hard, transparent, protective film or finish typically used for wood finishing and other materials. For instance, varnishes are used to protect and enhance the appearance of wooden furniture and floors.

Vinyl Flooring

Vinyl Flooring is composed of pigments, plasticizers, and polyvinyl chloride, relatively flexible, non-porous, and fine-textured. For example, vinyl flooring is used in residential and commercial spaces for its durability and ease of maintenance.

Virucide

A Virucide is a chemical agent used to eliminate viruses. For example, virucides are used in disinfectants to kill viruses on surfaces and prevent the spread of infections.

Viscosity

Viscosity refers to the overall liquid thickness, determining the liquid’s pourability. For instance, the viscosity of cleaning solutions affects their application and performance on different surfaces.

VOC

A VOC, or Volatile Organic Compound, refers to any compound or substance with a vapor pressure greater than 1/10th millimeter of mercury. For example, VOCs in cleaning products can affect indoor air quality and require proper ventilation during use.

W

Ware-washing

Ware-washing refers to the washing of utensils, dishes, pans, pots, and glassware in the institutional market. For example, ware-washing machines are used in commercial kitchens to clean large volumes of dishes efficiently.

Water-Based Buffable Floor Finish

A Water-Based Buffable Floor Finish is an emulsion coating that uses water as a central part of its ingredients. For instance, water-based finishes provide a durable, glossy coating for floors while being easier to apply and maintain than solvent-based finishes.

Water-Based Self Polishing

Water-Based Self Polishing is a polish that dries to a high shine without the need for mechanical action. For example, water-based self-polishing finishes are used in residential and commercial settings for easy maintenance.

Water-Based Urethane

Water-Based Urethane is a colloidal dispersion of isocyanate containing tough and flexible film polymers that are abrasion-resistant. For instance, water-based urethane finishes are used on floors and furniture for their durability and environmental benefits.

Water Dispersible Granules

Small pellets that break apart when put in water. For example, water-dispersible granules are used in cleaning products for easy dilution and application.

Water Hardness

Water Hardness is the measurement of the overall quantity of metallic salts within the water. For instance, water hardness affects the performance of cleaning products, requiring adjustments in formulations for different water types.

Water Resistance

The ability of a floor finish to be unaffected by water spilled on it. For example, water-resistant finishes protect floors from damage and staining caused by water spills.

Wax

Wax is a type of low melting compound consisting of a high molecular weight, with a composition similar to most fats and oils. There are two types of wax: Natural (vegetable and animal) and Synthetic (i.e., polymers of ethylene). Wax functions as a floor polish film, preventing black marks and scuffs and improving slip resistance. For example, floor waxes provide a durable, glossy coating that enhances the appearance and safety of floors.

Wax Emulsion

Wax Emulsion is a stable mixture of waxy materials that help in the suspension of water using surfactants, emulsifiers, or soaps. For example, wax emulsions are used in floor polishes to provide a smooth, even coating.

Wax Stripper

A special detergent composition removes wax and similar floor finishes from a floor. For instance, wax strippers are used to remove old floor finishes before applying new coats.

Wear

Wear is the crack and distortion of the surface or surface coating from high traffic or abrasion. For example, regular maintenance and reapplication of floor finishes help prevent wear and maintain the appearance of floors.

Weight per Gallon

Weight per Gallon refers to the overall weight of a liquid per gallon. For instance, the weight per gallon of a cleaning solution can affect its handling and application.

Wet Abrasion

A standard test to determine the effect of water on a floor finish with some abrasive action. For example, wet abrasion tests help evaluate the durability of floor finishes in wet conditions.

Wet Soils

Wet Soils are usually the toughest to remove since the carpet is composed of absorbent fibers. Quick action and blotting, not wiping, are key to wet soil removal. For example, prompt cleaning of spills on carpets helps prevent stains from setting in.

Wetting

Wetting is the ability of a floor cleaner, polish, or finish to spread over the substrate when performing the application process. For instance, effective wetting ensures even coverage and performance of cleaning products on surfaces.

Wetting Agent

A Wetting Agent is a chemical that reduces the overall surface tension within water, allowing the liquid to spread out easier. For example, wetting agents in cleaning solutions improve their ability to penetrate and remove soils.

Wrinkling

Surface irregularity that may vary from dull to pronounced. For example, wrinkling in floor finishes can occur due to improper application or environmental conditions, requiring corrective measures to achieve a smooth finish.

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Y

Yeast

Yeast is a specific fungal organism. For example, yeast is used in baking and brewing but can cause spoilage and contamination in cleaning environments, requiring proper sanitation methods.

Yellowing

Yellowing is a condition that describes a floor's film discoloration due to aging or other wear. For example, floor finishes can yellow over time due to exposure to sunlight and environmental factors, requiring periodic maintenance to restore their appearance.

Z